Whooping cough, medically known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Although anyone can get it, the infection is particularly dangerous for infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
In recent years, cases of whooping cough have increased globally, making it essential to understand the symptoms, risks, prevention, and treatment options.
How Whooping Cough Spreads
Whooping cough spreads easily from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected person:
- Coughs
- Sneezes
- Talks in close contact
Because symptoms start gradually, many people don’t realize they are infected and unknowingly spread it to others.
Early Symptoms of Whooping Cough
During the first 1–2 weeks, symptoms may appear mild, similar to a common cold. These include:
- Runny or stuffed nose
- Mild cough
- Low-grade fever
- Occasional sneezing
- Mild fatigue
This stage is called the catarrhal phase, and the infection is most contagious during this time.
Progressive (Severe) Symptoms
After the early stage, the cough becomes more severe. This is known as the paroxysmal stage. Symptoms may include:
- Intense coughing fits that are difficult to stop
- A “whooping” sound when inhaling after a coughing episode
- Vomiting after coughing
- Exhaustion after coughing spells
- Difficulty breathing during episodes
Infants may not show the classic “whoop,” but they may experience:
- Gasping or pauses in breathing
- Turning red or blue during coughing
- Difficulty feeding
Immediate medical attention is required for babies.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
While anyone can get pertussis, some groups face higher risk of complications:
- Newborns and infants
- Pregnant women
- Older adults
- People with asthma or chronic lung disease
- Individuals who are unvaccinated or partially vaccinated
How Is Whooping Cough Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers may use:
- Nasal or throat swab to test for Bordetella pertussis
- Blood tests
- Chest X-ray if complications are suspected
Early diagnosis makes treatment more effective.
Treatment Options
Treatment usually includes:
1. Antibiotics
Early antibiotic therapy can reduce the severity and spread of the infection.
2. Supportive Care
- Staying hydrated
- Using a humidifier
- Frequent rest
- Avoiding smoke or pollutants
3. Hospital Care (for infants)
Babies may need hospitalization for monitoring, oxygen, and supportive care.
Prevention: The Best Protection
The best way to prevent whooping cough is vaccination.
DTaP Vaccine
Given to infants and young children.
Tdap Vaccine
A booster recommended for:
- Adolescents
- Adults
- Pregnant women (during each pregnancy to protect newborns)
Additional preventive steps:
- Regular handwashing
- Wearing masks if infected
- Avoiding close contact with newborns when sick
Why Early Detection Matters
Whooping cough can lead to serious complications such as:
- Pneumonia
- Seizures
- Dehydration
- Weight loss
- Respiratory failure
For infants, pertussis can be life-threatening. Recognizing symptoms early and getting appropriate medical care helps prevent complications and reduce transmission.